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Know Your Menstruation

Menstruation, known as menstrual cycle (MC) or period, is a natural biological process. It signifies a female’s ability to become a mother. This monthly cycle is an important characteristic of womanhood and represents reproductive health.

1. What is Menstruation (MC)?

2. When Does Menstruation (MC) Occur?

3. How Does Menstruation (MC) Occur?

4. Why Does Menstruation (MC) Occur?

General Information about Menstruation

Key Points: Important to Know

Menstrual Symptoms & Remedies

Know what's common and when to seek help

Common Menstrual Symptoms

  • Mild abdominal pain:This is usually felt as the uterus contracts during menstruation.
  • Bloating: It is felt due to changes in the levels of hormones in the body.
  • Breast tenderness: It is felt due to changes in the levels of hormones in the body during menstruation.
  • Fatigue: It is felt due to changes in the levels of hormones in the body during menstruation.
  • Mood swings: These changes are caused by fluctuations in various hormones in the body, especially estrogen.
  • Headache: Some women experience this problem before or during menstruation which is caused by hormonal changes.
  • Lower back pain: Back pain can occur due to stress on the back muscles during menstruation.
  • Facial rash or oiliness: Changes in hormones in the body are responsible for this.
  • Nausea & diarrhea: This may be due to changes in digestion during menstruation.
  • Cravings: Characterized by sweet and salty foods.
  • Dizziness: Changes in hormones in the body and menstrual bleeding can cause dizziness.
  • Sleep issues: Hormonal changes, cramps, or stress can interfere with sleep.
  • White discharge: Changes in hormones can sometimes cause white water to pass out before or after periods.
  • Mild fever: A hormone called progesterone causes a slight change in body temperature.
Disclaimer: Symptoms and their probable causes stated above are for general awareness only. It is not intended to substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The above symptoms/experiences are common during menstruation. Still, the occurrence and severity of certain symptoms vary from woman to woman. See a doctor right away and seek medical advice if symptoms worsen or interfere with daily life.

Unusual Menstrual Symptoms

Symptom Probable Cause
Severe abdominal pain not relieved by regular painkillersIt may be due to pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or fibroids.
Excessive bleeding for over 7 days
(Bleeding for longer than normal periods)
It could be due to hormonal imbalance, uterine fibroids, or bleeding disorders.
Passing bigger blood clots (Larger than a one one-rupee coin)This may be a sign of uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, or miscarriage.
Extreme fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath or dizziness during periods.It could be due to anemia from heavy blood loss or low blood pressure.
Sudden absence of periods for 3 or more cycles (in the absence of pregnancy) or irregular menstruation.It may indicate thyroid issues, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or stress-associated hormonal disturbance.
Unusual vaginal discharge with a strong foul smell (abnormal yellow or green discharge)It could result from vaginal infection or sexually transmitted disease.
Nausea or vomiting during the menstrual cycleIt could be associated with severe dysmenorrhea or endometriosis.
Painful gut movements or urination during periods.It may be a sign of endometriosis affecting nearby organs.
Extensive changes in mood or depression severely affecting daily life.It could be due to premenstrual dysphoric disorder or changes in hormones.
Bleeding between periodsIt may be due to hormonal imbalance, infection, or cervical pathology.
Severe headacheIt could be caused by hormonal fluctuations, especially estrogen drop, or indicate menstrual migraine.
Sudden weight gain or lossIt may signal thyroid dysfunction, PCOS, or underlying metabolic or hormonal disorders.
High fever or chills during menstruationThis may be a sign of pelvic infection or toxic shock syndrome.
Abnormal hair growth or hair lossIt could be associated with hormonal imbalance, PCOS, or thyroid problems.
Swelling and pain in the feetIt may be due to fluid retention or poor circulation.
Sudden bleedingIt can result from hormonal disturbances, miscarriage, or uterine or cervical abnormalities.
Sudden bleeding after menopauseIt could be an early sign of a treatable condition like endometrial hyperplasia or uterine changes.
Disclaimer: Symptoms and their probable causes stated above are for general awareness only. It is not intended to substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is strongly suggested to consult a qualified doctor for appropriate diagnosis and further actions if somebody experiences any of these issues.
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