Menstruation is a normal physiological event in the female reproductive life. However, in India (especially in rural areas) the menstruation is surrounded by some restrictions, myths, and mysteries. Based on the observations of results of our field-based studies and interactions with adolescent girls, women, folks, community health workers, and medical practitioners, we noticed some of the restrictions and misconceptions about menstruation. This section focuses on socio-cultural restrictions and facts about menstruation.

Disclaimer

The views shared here are drawn from available knowledge and field experiences, intended only for awareness. We respect that beliefs and practices around menstruation differ across individuals and communities. Readers are encouraged to use this information according to their own values, needs, understanding, and context.

1. Hygiene & Cleanliness Beliefs

RESTRICTION

Do Not Bath During Periods

FACT

Bathing during menstruation is safe. Bathing helps you stay clean, fresh, and comfortable. Good hygiene can prevent infections. Warm water baths can also relax your body and reduce period pain. This belief may come from the tradition due to a lack of appropriate washing facilities and insufficient water supply in older times. If you don't have access to sufficient water for taking a bath, try to at least clean your genital area with the available water and change your pad regularly.

Maintain Hygiene During Menstruation – Bathing Keeps you Healthy & Comfortable

RESTRICTION

If a Woman on Her Period Touches Someone, That Person May Be Asked to Change Clothes or Take a Bath

FACT

Menstruation doesn't make women's touch dirty or harmful. As menstruation is a normal biological process, touching somebody during menstruation is not unsafe. Touching during menstruation does not spread any disease unless the person already has another communicable disease. No special cleaning is needed if touching occurs.

Menstruation Doesn't Make Touch Impure or Unsafe

RESTRICTION

Washing Bedding Materials After the End of Periods

FACT

Washing bedding material after menstruation is for hygiene, not because it is impure. Menstrual blood is not injurious to others, but washing bedsheets and clothes helps keep them clean and fresh. Hygienic bedding material keeps you relaxed and healthy.

Clean Beddings for Freshness, Health, and Comfort - Not Because of Impurity

2. Social Interaction Restrictions

RESTRICTION

Avoid Touching the Children or Other Persons in the Family

FACT

Menstruation is natural, it doesn't spread from one another, and also not impure. It's safe to touch children and family members during menstruation. There is no authentic reason to avoid contact with others during menstruation. This restriction is only valid if a woman is suffering from any communicable disease. This old belief may have started to give women rest during menstruation. Contact with family members during menstruation helps women to feel better.

Stay Connected with Family - Touch Spreads Care, Love and Togetherness

RESTRICTION

During Menstruation, a Mother May Touch Her Baby Only if the Baby Is Without Clothes

FACT

Mothers' love and menstruation are both pure and natural. Menstruation never makes mothers touch unsafe or impure for their babies. Touching children during menstruation is safe unless the mother already has another communicable disease. She can hold, cuddle, or feed the baby regardless of the presence or absence of clothes on the baby. Mothers touching to baby's clothes doesn't contaminate or infect the clothing.

Menstruation is Never a Barrier to Mother's Love and Care for Baby

RESTRICTION

Don't Share Utensils Like Dining Plates, Glass, etc. With Others

FACT

Restriction on sharing utensils is a common preventive measure in conditions that involve a chance of infection. Menstruation is a natural and non-infectious process. Menstruation doesn't spread any disease. It's completely safe to share utensils during periods. Menstruation doesn't make utensils impure or contaminated.

Periods Don't Spread Illness Through Utensils – Share and Care

RESTRICTION

Staying Isolated in the Home During Menstruation

FACT

Menstruation is a natural process, and it is non-contagious. If the purpose of temporary separation is to give women rest, then it is suitable. However, keeping away from the family for the entire menstruation period makes women lonely and depressed. Staying together makes you happy and feel supported. There is no harm in staying connected with family members during periods.

Periods are Natural – Stay with Family

RESTRICTION

Separate Sleeping Arrangements During Menstruation

FACT

Menstruation is not a disease or an impurity. Sleeping in the same room or with family members is not harmful. The purpose of this traditional belief could be to give privacy or rest to the women during their periods. Rest and comfort during menstruation are highly required. You can choose a suitable place for sleeping as per your comfort and stay connected with family members.

Menstruation Don't Separate Families – Rest Together, Stay Connected

 3. Daily Activity & Participation Restrictions

RESTRICTION

Avoid Touching the Children or Other Persons in the Family

FACT

Menstruation is not an illness; it's a natural biological process. Girls can attend school, play, or travel during menstruation safely. Staying active can even help you feel better and fresher. However, if you feel exhausted or have pain, take a rest. This belief may come from the tradition due to a lack of appropriate sanitary products, privacy, and insufficient washing facilities outdoors in older times. Now, with the use of clean menstrual products like sanitary pads and by practicing good hygiene practices, girls can join outdoor activities even during menstruation.

Learning, Playing, and Living Your Life Should Not Be Paused by Periods

RESTRICTION

Don't Touch the Flowers, Plants, or Animals

FACT

There is no valid reason to avoid touching flowers, plants, or animals during menstruation. Touching plants or animals by menstruating women doesn't cause any harm to each other. Earlier, women had to do activities related to agriculture and animal husbandry. This belief may have come from old traditions with an intention to give women rest during periods. During menstruation, being in nature can make you feel relaxed and happy.

Periods Don't Harm Nature - Enjoy Caring for Plants and Animals

RESTRICTION

Don't Cook Food or Enter the Kitchens

FACT

Menstruation doesn't spoil or alter the food. There is no scientific evidence to demonstrate that menstruation makes food unhealthy or unsafe. The initiation behind this belief could be to give women rest during periods from doing household activities. If you feel good, you can enter the kitchen and cook the food. However, if you feel tired, let others help you and take a rest.

Cook with Confidence - Make Food and Feed the Family

 4. Religious & Spiritual Restrictions

RESTRICTION

Don't Participate in Socio-Cultural Events

FACT

Menstruation is natural; there is no scientific reason to stay away from celebrations and gatherings during menstruation. Attending social and cultural activities brings a sense of togetherness and keeps you happy and connected with society. However, the intention behind this belief may be the encouragement of women to rest. It is an individual choice if somebody feels well and comfortable can enjoy participation in socio-cultural events.

Period is Not Pause- Participate, Connect and Celebrate

RESTRICTION

Avoid Performing Spiritual Chores

FACT

The beliefs about this restriction are very strongly rooted in traditions, which also vary among different cultures. Menstruation is a natural and healthy biological process that signifies the capability to create life. Keeping yourself involved or away from spiritual activities during periods depends on your own beliefs, values, and preferences. If you feel confident, you can pray and meditate. Praying could be done from the pure soul at any time. Spirituality begins in the heart, not the body.

Menstruation is Natural - Faith and Prayers are Always Pure

 5. Common Misbeliefs

Misbelief

Menstruation is Impure

FACT

Menstruation is a natural biological process that occurs in every girl and is a sign of good reproductive health. Menstruation is a process of cleaning the uterus and indicates the future possibility of giving birth. The menstrual blood is not dirty; it's just the shedding of the internal lining of the uterus, which is no longer needed for that month. It does not make a girl or woman impure. However, an active menstrual cycle indicates that the body is healthy and functioning properly.

Menstruation Is Natural, Healthy, And Nothing To Be Ashamed Of

Misbelief

Menstruation is a Disease

FACT

No, menstruation is not a disease. It is a normal biological process that occurs in girls every month. During each menstrual cycle uterus prepares itself to support and nourish the fertile egg. However, if no fertilization occurs, the internal lining is no more needed and is shed off in the form of menstrual flow. Menstruation is completely normal and safe. It signifies a good reproductive health. Menstruation is the first step in the beginning of the motherhood journey.

Menstruation Is Not A Disease; It Is A Natural Sign of Good Health

Misbelief

Menstrual Blood is Infectious

FACT

Menstrual blood is not infectious in healthy women. It is the normal process of shedding blood and tissues from the inner lining of the uterus. Like any other body fluid, it does not spread diseases by itself. Menstrual blood in healthy women is safe. A woman who practices proper menstrual hygiene does not harm herself or others.

Healthy Women's Menstrual Blood is Not Infectious

Misbelief

Menstruation is The Curse or Punishment for Our Sin

FACT

Menstruation is neither a curse nor a punishment. This is a natural process that nature has created for the health and well-being of women. Menstruation is not created by nature to punish women and it's not a curse. This traditional misbelief, especially in a rural context, may be due to a lack of scientific knowledge in older days about the physiology of menstruation. Menstruation should be perceived as a blessing rather than a curse or punishment.

Menstruation is a Blessing, Not a Curse, Nor a Punishment

Misbelief

Touching Certain Food Items (e.g. pickles) Will Spoil Them

FACT

There is no scientific basis for this assumption. Menstruation is a normal process that doesn’t make the woman infectious or contaminated. Therefore, touching food items during menstruation doesn’t spoil the food or alter the taste of food items. The food items only get spoiled due to improper storage, hygiene, or mistakes in preparation. Touching any food items during menstruation is completely safe and rational.

Food Doesn’t Spoil or Become Tasteless Because of Menstruation

Misbelief

If The Used Sanitary Pad Is Swallowed By The Snake, It Will Bring Misfortune

FACT

There is no relation between snakes and menstrual pads. This misbelief is seen in rural communities. Snakes do not trail the pads or consume pads. This misconception might have originated in the past to encourage women to dispose of pads safely, away from open spaces. In truth, used pads should be wrapped and discarded properly to maintain cleanliness, prevent unpleasant odors, and avoid attracting insects or animals.

Misfortune Is A Belief, Hygiene Is The Real Reason To Handle Pads Properly